Guidance plans for solid waste management during COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized disasters related to environmental topics, human health, social lifestyles, and economic systems around the world. may further spread through municipal solid waste (MSW), if it is collected, handled, transported, or disposed in an improper way. current paper provides overview of multiple challenges that introduced various tasks MSW management including impact implemented precautionary measures on management, priorities hierarchy MSW, direct constitution, characterization Makkah, Saudi Arabia, based guidance. In addition, specific alternative guidance plans for potential critical points infection were suggested protect public health during pandemic. results study revealed hierarchical system was modified under conditions. Implementation control Makkah led a change lifestyle, which resulted physical constitution with following average rates: organic matter, 57%; plastics, 31%; cardboard, 9%; metals, 1%; glass, wood, 1%. conclusion, plan developed, aimed at handlers, pickers, collection, transportation, transfer stations, disposal. Such play vital role controlling pandemic, especially outdoor environment. describes specifies structured ordered practices other pandemics.